On this page you can explore the average tariffs that countries face exporting to the German Empire in the first globalization. (average tariffs = percentage of tariff value on import value = ad valorem equivalent)
Below you find two graphs. The first one displays the mean tariffs for all imports to the German Empire or a selection of countries that you can choose in the panel on the left side. The second graph shows the distribution of mean tariffs for all countries
Yearly average tariffs for selected countries
Distribution of mean tariffs in for all countries
Over the course of the period the German Empire starts trading with more countries and the trade statistics become more granular differentiating broader regions into countries. Adding smaller trade regions increases the impact of specific products on the mean tariff.
The average tariffs vary significantly between product categories. Cash crops like tobacco and tariff shielding of beverages come with the highest percentage in tariff cost. Similarly, the tariffs for food animal (products) are relatively high. In contrast, crude materials as an input to production have very low tariffs. (average tariffs = percentage of tariff value on import value = ad valorem equivalent)
Avarage tariffs for imports from these countries to the German Empire in the period of choice
Hover over a country for more information.
Contact
If you are interested in using the data for a project or want to propose a collaboration, please contact Sebastian Geschonke (sebastian.geschonke (at) hu-berlin.de)
Data
The data of trade and tariffs in the German Empire comes from primary sources of general tariff reforms and country-specific trade treaties, and is harmonized on the product level. For further information and citation, please refer to the working paperHow to solve the tariff-growth paradox
The base shape files for the map come from IPUMS
IPUMS